Biochem/physiol Actions

Mithophagy inducer, ionophore

General description

Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) is a proton (H⁺) ionophore and a potent mitochondrial uncoupling agent. This compound turns the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, thus dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. FCCP is a potent tool for assaying mitochondrial respiration and investigating the role of mitochondria in cellular function.^1,2FCCP induces mitophagy of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell in a dose dependent manner. Low concentration of FCCP (1μM) leads to a complete loss of mitochondrial membrane potential without triggering mitophagy, whereas at a high concentration (10 μM), cytosol acidification is increased and mitochondrial degradation is attained.³ Additionally, FCCP (20 μM) was able to induce apoptosis in lymphoid (CCRF-CEM) and myeloid (HL60) cells after 24hrs of incubation. ⁴ FCCP (0.5nM-5 μM) reduces β-amyloid peptide production in K695sw cells without altering the β-amyloid precursor protein maturation or synthesis.⁵ Partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation induced by FCCP (0.3 -3μM) reduces micromotion and wound healing migration of human mesenchymal stem cells.⁶ Inhibition of F1F0-ATPase by FCCP (10 μM), reduces the impairment of electromechanical activity in human myocardium.⁷

Other Notes

FCCP ready made solution is a DMSO based solution at 10mM concentration. It is recommended to further dilute in a suitable media to achieve a working concentration of 1-10 µM.