Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) is a modification of Basal Medium Eagle (BME) containing fourfold concentrations of the amino acids and vitamins found in BME. The original formulation was used to culture embryonic mouse cells and has since been modified to support a variety of normal and transformed cells, such as primary cultures of mouse and chicken cells. DMEM formulations can differ in the amount or absence of components such as glucose, sodium pyruvate, sodium bicarbonate and L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate and phenol red.