Application

All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry. The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. We also provide Prestige Antibodies^® protocols and other useful information.

Biochem/physiol Actions

PNKD (paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia), when up-regulated, is capable of promoting cancer proliferation and migration in human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. This might be an outcome of its interaction with the eukaryotic initiation factor 3, which controls tumor growth and invasiveness. Its overexpression also results in the activation of nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, which is linked with cancer, autoimmune diseases and inflammation. It is a marker to determine the prognosis, outcome and therapy in GC (gastric cancer) patients. Mutation in this gene results in the autosomal dominant disorder PNKD, which is characterized by spontaneous or alcohol, coffee, tea, stree-mediated attacks and unilateral or bilateral involuntary movements. In human breast cancer MCF7 cell line, it activates ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway, thus, functioning as a tumor promoter. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), it is linked with aggressiveness and poor prognosis.

Disclaimer

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Features and Benefits

Prestige Antibodies^® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies^® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways: IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues. Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.

General description

PNKD (paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia) gene is localized to human chromosome 2q35. It was first obtained from the cDNA library of human skeletal muscle, using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This gene is composed of three exons, which code for a protein of 142 amino acids, containing a transmembrane hydrophobic region. It is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and myocardium.

Immunogen

myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 isoform 1 recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)

Legal Information

Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Linkage

Corresponding Antigen APREST71927.

Physical form

Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide