Biochem/physiol Actions

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is involved in the regulation of cellular and humoral immune responses. PD-L1 is up-regulated on T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFNG) activation and up-regulated in B-cells activated by surface Ig cross-linking. PD-L1 is involved in the co-stimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and production of interleukin-10 (IL10) and IFNG, in an interleukin-2-dependent and a programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1)-independent manner.

General description

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is also known as cluster of differentiation (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a member of the growing B7 family of immune molecules. PD-L1 is a cell surface immunoglobulin with two Ig-like domains within the extracellular region and a short cytoplasmic domain. The protein is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung and weakly expressed in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. PD-L1 is expressed on activated T-cells, B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes. The gene encoding it is localized on chromosome 9p24.1.

Physical form

Lyophilized from 0.22 µm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally Mannitol or Trehalose is added as protectants before lyophilization.

Reconstitution

Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in sterile PBS, pH 7.4 to a concentration of 50 µg/mL. Do not vortex. This solution can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 1 month. For extended storage, it is recommended to store at -20°C.